Succession to a climax can be held at any stage by human intervention, such as grazing on chalk downland.

人为的干扰可以阻止演替的进行，例如过渡的放牧。

Abstract: Serai process of vegetation on the sand of Zhanggutai in Liaoning province is from moving dune.

辽宁省章古台沙地植被的演替过程，从流动沙丘开始。

Its compositional ichthyofauna differs from its consecuting fiver systems,and has momentous significance on succession of fishes and ichthyofauna dividatur in watershed of North China.

类区组成上，它与相邻的水域有着很大的差，国北方水域类演替和区上有着重要的意义。

Halosere A plant community in a succession that starts on land periodically inundated by the sea. Haloseres include salt-and flooding-tolerant pioneer communities on mudflats and saltmarshes.

是一种周期性被海水淹没的陆地上进行演替的植物群落。它包括那些泥滩和盐沼上生活的耐盐耐淹的先锋群落。

Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis is a heliophyte tree,so that some scholars consider it as a pioneer population,but others regard that the tree regenerate well in natural conditions.

中国沙棘属于阳性树种,因此有些学者将其视为群落演替过程中的先锋种群,而有些学者的研究表明它自然状态下更新良好。