Objective To probe into the prophylaxis and management of the biliary duct injure in open cholecystotomy.

目探讨开腹囊切除术致管损伤预防和处。

Objective To appraise operative and synthesize treatment effect in the elderly ptients with heavy choledochitis combined multiple organ dysfunction(MOD).

目评价外科手术治疗老年急性重症管炎和综合治疗多脏器功能不全效果。

Methods Incommodious bile duct was restored by making gallbladder one (lamella) with cystic artery into half-cannular or cannular gallbladder one (lamella).

方法利用带囊动脉囊瓣制成半管状、管状囊瓣管狭窄。

Conclusions：Single-layer eversion choledochojejunostomy is easy to perform, the operative time is short, and is a safe, reliable and rational anastomotic procedure.

管空肠一层外翻吻合手术操作单易行，手术时间短，且安全可靠，实为一种吻合手术方式。

ConclusionsThe technique of suture needle puncture and discission of bile duct is a simple,effective and safe method for laparoscopic common duct exploration.

缝针穿刺切开管法是一种在腹腔镜下单、有效和安全解剖及切开总管方法。

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety for right hepatolobectomy accordinging to the unique clinicopathologic characteristic in right calculus of intrahepatic duct.

目探讨右侧肝内管结石独特临床病特点及施行右侧肝叶切除可行性和安全性。

Conclusions Single-layer eversion choledochojejunostomy is easy to perform, the operative time is short, and is a safe, reliable and rational anastomotic procedure.

结论管空肠一层外翻吻合手术操作单易行，手术时间短，且安全可靠，实为一种吻合手术方式。

BILE DUCTULE - Microscopic bile duct that collects bile from lier cells and deliers it to the large bile duct outside the lier.

小管——微小管，从肝细胞收集汁，并传送到肝外大管。

BILE DUCTULE - Microscopic bile duct that collects bile from liver cells and delivers it to the large bile duct outside the liver.

管——大管道，该组织结构从肝脏传送汁到肠以帮助消化食物。

Conclusions The key to prevent recurrent angiocholitis and reduce the reoperation rate is to relieve biliary tract stricture, remove the focus of infection and provide unobstructed bile duct drainage.

结论解除道狭窄，去除病灶，通畅引流是预防管炎发，减少再手术率关键。

GGTP (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase) - Enzyme or protein synthesized by the lier in large amounts when there is obstruction of the bile ducts to the normal flow of bile.

谷氨酰转肽酶——当汁在管中正常流动受到阻碍时，肝脏大量合成酶或蛋白。